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The 2001 Sampit conflict was a violent ethnic clash in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, between indigenous Dayak people and Madurese settlers that resulted in significant loss of life and displacement [1, 2]. Due to the graphic nature of the violence, which included massacres and beheadings, raw footage of this event is generally prohibited on mainstream platforms to prevent inciting further tension [2, 3].

Because of the intensity of the fighting, a number of videos captured on the ground circulated on the internet—some heavily edited, others presented “full‑no‑sensor” (i.e., uncensored). These recordings have been used by journalists, researchers, and human‑rights observers to piece together a more complete picture of what happened on the streets of Sampit.

It was a chilly morning in early 2001 when the once-peaceful town of Sampit began to burn. The sounds of clashing and screams filled the air, marking the beginning of what would come to be known as the Sampit War. The conflict, though sparked by a singular incident, revealed deep-seated tensions between the Dayak and Madura communities.