Given the prevalence of new coatings (like zinc flake or PTFE), the guidance on friction (
| Method | Scatter ( \alpha_A ) | |--------|----------------| | Torque wrench (µ known) | 1.2 – 1.4 | | Torque wrench (µ unknown) | 1.4 – 1.6 | | Angle-controlled tightening | 1.05 – 1.2 | | Hydraulic tensioning | 1.02 – 1.1 | vdi 2230 2021
A comprehensive "VDI 2230" feature should automate the following logic from the latest release: Calculation of Bolted Joints VDI 2230 | Bossard Group Given the prevalence of new coatings (like zinc
R1 is the heart of VDI 2230:2021. The 14 steps remain conceptually similar but with updated formulas and coefficients. vdi 2230 2021