Try flipping through a 300-page textbook to find the one paragraph on "Replacement Cost vs. Reproduction Cost." In a PDF, you press CTRL+F. For value investors building DCF models, having this text as a digital asset allows them to reference Greenwald’s specific depreciation formulas instantly.

Growth only adds value if the company has a "franchise" or sustainable competitive advantage.

Instead of a simple 33% discount, Greenwald advocates: “At what growth rate or ROIC does the current market price make sense?” If the implied assumptions are unrealistic, avoid the stock.