Thermal shutdown protection and internal kickback protection diodes. Pinout and Connectivity

delay(2000);

to expand just a few Arduino pins into eight motor control lines. The Build: Wiring and Power : The shield is pressed directly onto the Arduino Uno External Power : To avoid damaging the Arduino, the student removes the power jumper and connects a separate battery to the shield's terminals. : Four DC motors are screwed into the terminals labeled M1, M2, M3, and M4 The Code: Bringing it to Life The student installs the AFMotor Library . They write a simple loop: Connect boards, shields, and carriers - Arduino Help Center